{"id":1459,"date":"2018-04-03T19:27:22","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T19:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/?p=1459"},"modified":"2024-01-27T19:55:11","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T00:55:11","slug":"on-the-ashkenazi-practice-of-limiting-the-priestly-blessing-to-holidays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/2018\/04\/on-the-ashkenazi-practice-of-limiting-the-priestly-blessing-to-holidays\/","title":{"rendered":"On The Ashkenazi Practice Of Limiting \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd (The Priestly Blessing) To Holidays"},"content":{"rendered":"

On The Ashkenazi Practice Of Limiting \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd (The Priestly Blessing) To Holidays<\/strong><\/p>\n

By: Rabbi Noah Gradofsky<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This article is available in printable (pdf) format here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Note: Most of the texts referenced appear in an appendix below.\u00a0 This post originally posted 3\/5\/17.\u00a0 Slight edits were entered on 4\/3\/18.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This thought follows on a recent conversation with Hakham Isasac Sassoon and his thoughts are shared with his permission.<\/p>\n

During our conversation I noted the very funny comment in the recent OU responsum on ordination of women<\/a> referencing \u201cthe universally accepted Ashkenazic practice that kohanim only recite \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd on Yom Tov\u201d (footnote 6).\u00a0 Although we agreed on the irony of the phrase[1]<\/a>, Hakham Sasson indicated approval of the Ashkenazi practice, arguing that \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd should not be done regularly since the requisite \u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 (intent) could not\/would not be achieved on a regular basis.<\/p>\n

I asked Hakham Sassoon whether there was a basis in \u05d7\u05d6”\u05dc (the rabbis of the Talmudic era) for an intent requirement for \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.\u00a0 Hakham referenced BT Sota 39a, which prescribes the mitzvah blessing recited by the Kohanim prior to delivering the priestly blessing (\u201cWho has . . . commanded us to bless His nation Israel with love\u201d).\u00a0 Interestingly, when Rabbi Moses Isserless, in his gloss on Shulchan Arukh, explains the common Ashkenazi practice of limiting \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd to holidays, he mentions a lack of requisite happiness, rather than a lack of love.[2]<\/a>\u00a0 I am not aware of any \u05d7\u05d6”\u05dc source requiring happiness as an element of performing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd,[3]<\/a> so perhaps a lack of capacity for love might be a better explanation of the Ashkenazi practice, as discussed further below, in which case perhaps<\/em> one could go as far as to argue that a lack of joy diminishes one\u2019s capacity to deliver the blessing lovingly.[4]<\/a>\u00a0 On the other hand, communal sadness might inspire a level of compassion that, if anything, would make the blessing both more loving and more needed. Hakham Sassoon suggests that perhaps the homiletical understanding that \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d9\u05df, generosity of spirit,<\/em> is helpful for blessing[5]<\/a> may also help explain bridge the gap between the Talmud\u2019s requirement of love and the later suggestion that happiness is required.<\/p>\n

The source basis for a requirement of love in performing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd is fairly thin but probably adequate.\u00a0 The Talmud does not explain the text of the mitzvah blessing \u201cto bless His nation Israel with love\u201d or discuss a source for such a requirement.\u00a0 However, this does not undermine the clear implication that the blessing has an emotional requirement. [6]<\/a> Furthermore, there is a midrash, found only in compendia of aggadic midrashim, that supports the emotional requirement as well[7]<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThus shall you bless the Children of Israel, say to them\u201d<\/strong> (Num. 6:23) \u2013 The Holy One, blessed is He said to the Kohanim: <\/strong>Just because I commanded you <\/strong>does not mean y<\/strong>ou should bless them reluctantly and with agitation, rather you should bless them with sincerity of heart so that your blessing be fulfilled in them.\u00a0 Therefore <\/strong>\u201csay (\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8)\u201d is written full (i.e. with the vav) (in other books the text <\/strong>reads \u201csay\u201d is written full and punctuated with a\u00a0 patah to say that a person must give peace<\/strong>, i.e. bless, his fellow with a full mouth<\/strong>, i.e. unreservedly).<\/strong>8<\/td>\n\u05db\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 \u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05db\u05dd \u05e9\u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d1 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05ea\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05dd, \u05dc\u05db\u05da \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 (\u05d1\u05e1”\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e4\u05ea”\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05dc\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0.)[8]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Zohar also indicates a tradition requiring a certain level of intent for \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I<\/strong>t is taught: Any Kohen who is not liked by the community should not spread his hands<\/strong>, i.e. perform the priestly blessing \u00a0. . . Any Kohen who does not like the community or the community doesn\u2019t like him should not spread his hands to bless the people, as it is written <\/strong>(Proverbs 22:9), \u201cThe generous person <\/strong>(lit. \u201cone of good eye\u201d) will be blessed,\u201d<\/strong> read not \u201cwill be blessed,\u201d but rather \u201cwill bless.\u201d9<\/td>\n\u05ea\u05d0\u05e0\u05d0 \u05db\u05dc \u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05de\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9. . . . \u05db\u05dc \u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d3\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05de\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d0 \u05d3\u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 (\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9 \u05db\u05d1) \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05da.[9]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The above sources support a requirement of positive intent on the part of a Kohen when doing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.\u00a0 In subsequent email discussion, I questioned Hakham Sassoon as to whether this requirement is really a justification for reducing the frequency with which Kohanim in Ashkenazi communities fulfill the mitzvah of the priestly blessing.<\/p>\n

Hakham Sassoon noted that, in fact, there is no Talmudic source requiring the delivery of the priestly blessing on a daily basis (as he put it, to \u201cpress [a Kohen] into giving the blessing at every minyan\u201d), although Mishnah Ta\u2019anit 4:1 (BT 26a) indicates it was a daily fixture of the Temple service.\u00a0 Perhaps, Hakham Sassoon argued, daily delivery of \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd became commonplace only in some areas.\u00a0 He noted:<\/p>\n

[I]t was not only Ashkenazim who limited BK to festivals. Unlike oriental Jews, Western Sephardim have the same practice. It is well documented that in Amsterdam BK was introduced on Shabbath only under Shabbethai Tsevi’s influence. The implication: prior to the 1660’s it was limited to festivals. In fact outside Amsterdam, Sephardim to this day have BK only on Yameem Tobeem (including S&P in NYC!)\u00a0 So despite the comments of the Beth Yosef (who was born in Spain but left at age 4) one must wonder whether Iberian Jews pre-expulsion were doing it daily. I remember trying to research this many years ago but did not find a clear answer.<\/p>\n

Nonetheless, there seems to be general consensus that \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd was a fixture of the daily service,[10]<\/a> and Hakham Sassoon notes that it is telling that none of the people who seek to defend Ashkenazi practice raise the point that there is no explicit source requiring \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd on a daily basis.\u00a0 Perhaps, he surmises, the intent requirement played a role here, though it is surprising that this was couched in reference to a lack of happiness rather than a lack of intent\/love.\u00a0 Further, it seems to me that to the extent that there was an institution of daily priestly blessing, its elimination because of any emotional deficit would be quite suspect.\u00a0 Presumably, if \u05d7\u05d6”\u05dc instituted \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd on a daily basis they took stock of the ability of Kohanim to meet its requirements, including any requirement of intent. \u00a0\u05d7\u05d6”\u05dc even allowed (perhaps better: required) those who were not particularly devout to perform the blessing.[11]<\/a>\u00a0 To argue that future generations became so deficient in their ability to achieve the requisite intent to me relies on the presumption of \u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea (the concept that our generations are getting progressively worse), which at best lacks sufficient evidence to justify abrogation of a mitzvah.\u00a0 Perhaps there would be some reason to advise Kohanim that if they are in the wrong mindset they should excuse themselves from participating in the blessing.\u00a0 However, I do not think that the intent requirement associated with \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd provides adequate support for the Ashkenazi elimination of this mitzvah from regular prayer services.<\/p>\n

It seems to me that if daily \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd was originally a fixture in all Jewish communities, the more likely scenario for its elimination is the rise of a practice for Kohanim to immerse in a \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05d4 (ritual bath) prior to doing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, and the difficulty that arose with doing so during cold winters.[12]<\/a>\u00a0 Although Rabbi Yoseph Karo points out that this is not a good excuse for the limitation of Birkat Kohanim,[13]<\/a> it is a more than plausible explanation for why the practice might have become limited, especially in the colder climates of Ashkenaz.[14]<\/a>\u00a0 This would be similar to practices that arose whereby women would not say halakhically required blessings during their monthly impurity despite the fact that there was no halakhic constraint on making such blessings.[15]<\/a>\u00a0 Both cases would be examples where cultural mores concerning states of impurity and performance of commandments resulted in people failing to fulfill commandments despite the fact that halakhah clearly did not restrict their performance of those mitzvoth.\u00a0 This would also explain why \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd was preserved during holidays, since there was widespread practice for men to go the \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 prior to holidays.[16]<\/a>\u00a0 Perhaps after some holes were poked in the theory that \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd required ritual immersion, the happiness\/love excuse was unearthed to \u201cbetter\u201d explain the restriction of \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd to holidays.<\/p>\n

Appendix \u2013 Sources Referenced<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e3 \u05dc\u05d8 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5 \u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e8’ \u05d0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8 \u05d1\u05df \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e2: \u05d1\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd? \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05df: \u05de\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u00a0. . . \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0\u05ea\u05d9 \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4. \u05de\u05d0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05da? \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d6\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1 \u05d7\u05e1\u05d3\u05d0: \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e7\u05d3\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05df \u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05de\u05d5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4\u05d1\u05d4.<\/p>\n

\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d3\u05e3 \u05db\u05d5 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\/\u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4\/. \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4\u05df \u05d0\u05e8\u05d1\u05e2 \u05e4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd: \u05d1\u05e9\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3, \u05d1\u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d1\u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05db\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e3 \u05dc\u05d8 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d0[17]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4\u05d1\u05d4. \u05d5\u05d0”\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05d6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4. \u05d5\u05d9”\u05dc \u05d3\u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 (\u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d5, \u05db\u05d2) \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05dc\u05d0, \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05d0 (\u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9’) \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 (\u05d1\u05de\u05d3”\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d0, \u05d3) \u05d3\u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05d9 \u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0, \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05db\u05dd \u05e9\u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d1 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05ea\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05dd \u05db\u05d5’, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4\u05d1\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d1. \u05db\u05df \u05e0”\u05dc. [\u05d0. \u05d4. \u05e2\u05d9’ \u05de\u05d4\u05e8”\u05e5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea]:<\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d0) \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d0:\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05db\u05dd \u05e9\u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d1 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05ea\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05df \u05dc\u05db\u05da \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd.<\/p>\n

\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e8\u05de\u05d1”\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05db\u05d5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d4\u05db”\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e9\u05e0\u05e6\u05d8\u05d5\u05d5 \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d9\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 (\u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d5) \u05db\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd. \u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 (\u05db\u05d2 \u05d1, \u05db\u05d3 \u05d0) \u05d5\u05ea\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea (\u05db\u05d5 \u05d0 – \u05db\u05d6 \u05d0) \u05d5\u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9 \u05de\u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 (\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d0, \u05dc\u05d6 \u05d1 – \u05de \u05d0):<\/p>\n

\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u05e9\u05e0\u05e6\u05d8\u05d5\u05d5 \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd, \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 [\u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d5’, \u05db”\u05d2] \u05db\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd.<\/p>\n

\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d3 \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8 (\u05e1\u05d9’ \u05e7\u05e2\u05d5) \u05e9\u05e0\u05e9\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05e8”\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05dc\u05df (\u05e9\u05d5”\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9”\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9’ \u05db\u05d0) \u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d2\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05e3 \u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d5\u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e2\u05db”\u05dc \u05d3\u05d7\u05e7 \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05db\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05d0\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d5\u05ea\u05dc\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05d4\u05d2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05db\u05da \u05e9\u05dc\u05e9 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0”\u05db \u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05e9 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d8\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05db\u05df \u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05e9 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8 \u05db\u05d7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd:<\/p>\n

\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7<\/strong> \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05de\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u05d8”\u05d6 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05de\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u05dc\u05d6) (\u05e4\u05de”\u05d2) \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e0”\u05db \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d9”\u05d8. \u05d1”\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e0”\u05db \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d1”\u05d9 \u05e2”\u05d6 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d6\u05db\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d2\u05de\u05e8’ \u05d8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc’ \u05dc\u05e0”\u05db \u05d5\u05d0\u05dd \u05e0\u05d4\u05d2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d2’ \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05db\u05d5’ \u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e0\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9”\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d0\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05e9\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05d3\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d4\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0”\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0”\u05db \u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05db\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05de\u05df \u05e0\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05e2”\u05db \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05db”\u05e9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05e0\u05d6\u05d3\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8:<\/p>\n

\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05de\u05d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc, \u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5, \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e9”\u05e5 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05e9 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4, \u05d3\u05d8\u05e2\u05de\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e4\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05db\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05de\u05d7\u05d4, \u05d5\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05da \u05e9\u05d9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05de\u05d7\u05d4, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d0\u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 [\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05db\u05d5, \u05d6] \u05d5\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05da, \u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1 [\u05de”\u05d0 \u05d7, \u05e1\u05d5] \u05e9\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d1 \u05d5\u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05da. \u05d5\u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2”\u05db \u05e9\u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05db\u05dc \u05d9”\u05d1 \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9, \u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05e0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d2 \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Was the irony intentional?\u00a0 And how did they discount Israel, where Ashkenazim regularly do \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd or the fact that many later Ashkenazi authorities strongly decried the practice of not doing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd? See Arukh haShulkahn OCH 128:64, although admittedly the Arukh haShulkahn resigns himself to the practice<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> See gloss on Orah Hayim 128:44.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> See \u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05de\u05d2, stating that a mourner\u2019s forbearance from \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd is a matter of \u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2 (custom, not law) as it is viewed as \u201cfitting\u201d for a person to be happy when doing \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> I am not certain that this argument would be convincing.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> See verse of Proverbs quoted in the Zohar text below, text accompanying footnote 9.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> It is not particularly surprising that the Talmud would not explain the rationale behind the text of a blessing.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Giving credit where credit is due, I found this reference in the Art Scroll Talmud on BT Sotah 39a.\u00a0 The association of these texts with the blessing for \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd is found in the \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 commentary in the appendix.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05d0 (\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d0) \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05d9, text also found with slight variation in \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d0) \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d0:\u05d3 (without the alternate version in the parenthetical at the end).\u00a0 The text of \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 is reproduced in the appendix.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u05d6\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8 \u05db\u05e8\u05da \u05d2 (\u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8) \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d0 [\u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d3\u05e3 \u05e7\u05db\u05d0 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d0].\u00a0 Note this play on words is used to other halakhic and homiletic effect in e.g. BT Sotah 38b and \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05d0 \u05d5\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05d0.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> See e.g. \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e8\u05de\u05d1”\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05db\u05d5 (although Rambam does not use the words \u201c\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd\u201d (every day) in his formulation in Mishneh Torah, \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e2\u05d7.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> See e.g. Rambam\u2019s eloquent halakhah on this point:<\/p>\n

\u05e8\u05de\u05d1”\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d8\u05d5<\/p>\n

\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e3 \u05e2”\u05e4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05db\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d3\u05e7\u05d3\u05e7 \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e8\u05e0\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d3\u05e7 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5, \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d5 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05dc \u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d5\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e8\u05e9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e8\u05e9\u05e2 \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05e2 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> See e.g. \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d8”\u05d6 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05db\u05d7:\u05de\u05d3.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05db\u05d7 \u05d3”\u05d4 \u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8.\u00a0 He argues that since ritual immersion is not required, the extraneous practice of immersion should not lead to the elimination of the required act of Birkat Kohanim.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Thank you to Avi Feldblum for pointing out that this explanation is particularly sensible for colder Ashenazi climates.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> See e.g. \u201cThe Distancing of Menstruants from the Synagogue and Sacred Rights by Rabbi Diana Villa and Rabbi Monique Susskind Goldberg\u201d available at http:\/\/www.responsafortoday.com\/images\/Lil5-e.pdf<\/a>, and in particular p. 19 re \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d0 \u05d3\u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea \u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 and following.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> See e.g. Rabbi Moses Isserless\u2019s glosses at \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df \u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4\u05d0:\u05d3 and \u05ea\u05e8\u05d5:\u05d5.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> 16th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On The Ashkenazi Practice Of Limiting \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd (The Priestly Blessing) To Holidays By: Rabbi Noah Gradofsky   This article is available in printable (pdf) format here. Note: Most of the texts referenced appear in an appendix below.\u00a0 This post originally posted 3\/5\/17.\u00a0 Slight edits were entered on 4\/3\/18.   This thought follows on a Continue Reading »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":1460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[82,133],"tags":[],"coauthors":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-halakhah","category-tefillah"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1459"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3548,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1459\/revisions\/3548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1459"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utj.org\/viewpoints\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}